Itinéraire
de Purchase
Itinéraire
versifié d'un pèlerin anglais, publié par Samuel
Purchas en 1625 dans "Purchas his Pilgrimes",
d'après un manuscrit de la bibliothèque de Sir
Robert Cottons, datant de la fin du 14° siècle
(ou 1425 ?).
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Here
beginneth the way that is marked, and made with
Mount Joiez from the Lond of Engelond unto Sent
Jamez in Galis, and from thennez to Rome, and
from Thennez to Jerusalem: and so againe into
Engelond, and the namez of all the Citeez be
their waie, and the manner of her governaunce,
and namez of her silver that they use be alle
these waies.
In
the Name of the Fader that seteez in trone,
And
of Jhu his oonly blesset Sone,
And
of the Holy Gost, this blesset Trinete,
And
also of our Ladie S. Marie:
And
of all the Seintez of the Court of Heven.
I
make this mynde wit milde Steven:
Which
waye I went I schall you telle,
And
how be the waie I dide dwelle.
Ferst
to Plummouth to see went I,
And
landet in the Trade of Bretany,
There
we rested daies too,
And
thrugh the Race then did we go
To
Burdewez, to that faire Citee:
And
there was I daies thre.
And
so from thennez to Bayon,
For
so the that is a faire toune.
And
from thennez to Petypont St. Jenouhe,
The
ferst toune of Naveron, sicurly:
Up
in a hee hull hit is faire sette,
And
ther men schall make her tribett,
For
every pice of Gold trust me well,
Thou
schalt swere upon the Evangele:
A
nd
there Jakkez ferst most thou have,
And
thee lust thy Gold to save.
Wymmenz
araie upon there heved,
Like
to Myterez they ben wheed:
A
raie Mantell they were upon
And
foule wymmen mony oon.
Then
to the Dale of Rouncevale hit is the waie,
A
derk passage I der well saie:
Witelez
there ben full necessary,
For
in that passage my mouthe was dry.
Beyond
the hull upon hee,
Is
a Mynster of our Ladee:
Of
Chanounez of the Order of St. Austyn,
And
the well of Rouland, and Oliver therein.
From
thennez even to Pampylyon,
The
chef Citie of the Reme of Naveron:
A
faire Cite and a large,
Thereto
commeth bothe Bote and Barge.
And
from thennez to the toune of Keer,
Is
xxx. miles long, and hongery heer.
Then
to the Gruon in Spanye,
That
is the last toune certaine,
Of
the Realme of Naveron:
And
then into Spanye feare ye schon,
Jakkez
ben ther of little prise:
For
there beginneth the Marvedisez.
Alle
is brasse, silver is none In,
And
the Grote of Spayne is silver fyn.
iiii.
score for a Coron schal thou have,
Of
the Marvedise of master and knave.
Then
from the Grune to Sent Dominico
Thou
hast tenn long miles for to go.
And
from thennez to Grunneole,
Much
pyn men ther thoole.
Hit
ston upon a hull on hyy,
And
Jewez ben Lordez of all that contray.
Ther
most thou tribute make or thou passe,
For
alle thi gud bothe mor and lasse:
Of
that tribute they be full fayn;
For
thei hyeer hit of the King of Spayne.
From
thennez thou most to Pount Roie,
That
passage ther hit kepeth a boie:
A
gud contraie, and evell wyn,
And
witelez ther ben bothe gud and fyn.
And
so forthe to Pount Paradise.
At
that passage thou most oaie thriez.
And
so forthe from thennez to Borkez that citee,
A
faire toune and a muche sicurly.
And
from thennez to Hospitall de Reyne,
To
passe that River thou schalt be fayne.
And
so forthe to Sent Antony:
And
ever ther gothe the Marvedy.
From
thennez even to the citie of Lyones:
Betweene
hem ben mony praty tounez.
In
that cite ther schalt thou paie
Passage
or thou goe awaie.
By
younde the Brugge on thi right hand,
To
Sent Salvator the waie is liggand,
Where
ii. pottez may thou se,
In
the wiche water turnet to wyn
...
at Architriclyne.
And
mony other reliquez ben there,
But
the mountez ben wonder he, and fere.
Wymmen
in that Land use no vullen,
But
alle in lether be thei wounden:
And
her hevedez wonderly ben trust,
Standing
in her forhemed as a crest,
In
rowld clouthez lappet alle be forn
Like
to the prikke of a N'unicorn.
And
men have douhelettez full schert,
Bare
legget and light to stert.
A
Knight, aboie wit out hose,
A
sqwyer also thei schull not lose:
A
Knave bere iii. dartez in his hand
And
so thei schull go walkand:
Here
wyn is thecke as any blode,
And
that wull make men wode.
Bedding
ther is nothing faire,
Mony
pilgrimez hit doth apaire:
Tabelez
use thei non of to ete,
But
on the bare flore they make her sete:
And
so they sitte alle infere,
As
in Irlande the same manere.
Then
from the citee of Lyonz so fre,
On
thi lyft hand the waie schalt thou see,
At
that Brugge that I of have saide,
Over
an heethe to Astergo is layde.
That
is a cite and faire is sette,
There
the gret mountaines togeder he mette:
And
so forthe to Villa Frank schalt thou go,
A
faire countraye, and vinez also.
The
Raspis groeth ther in the waie.
Yf
thee lust thou maie asaie.
From
thennez a deepe dale schalt thou have,
Up
unto the Mount of Fave:
He
huIlez, and of the Spanyse see a cry:
That
noyse is full grevose pardy.
And
so forth even to Sent Jamez,
Alle
waie Pylgrimez suche havez,
And
then to Mount nostre Dame,
The
Prior ther hath muche schame.
And
then so forthe to Luaon,
Other
Villages ther be mony oon.
And
then to Sent Jamez that holy place;
There
maie thou fynde full faire grace.
On
this side the toune milez too,
By
a Chappell schalt thou go:
Upon
a hull hit stoneez on hee,
Wher
Sent Jamez ferst schalt thou see,
A
Mount Joie, mony stonez there ate,
And
iiii. pilerez of ston of gret astate:
A
C. daiez of pardon there may thou have
At
that Chappell, and thou hit crave.
Then
at Sent Jamez wit in that place.
To
telle the pardon hit askes space.
Hit
is a gret Mynstor, large, and long,
Of
the hold begging hit is strong:
Glason
windowez there are but few,
Wit
in the Mynstor in nowther rew:
Vii.
Cardinalez chosen there be,
For
Confessourez, that is verry,
And
have plaine power fully to here, an
And
penaunce to yef in alle manere:
And
to assoyle the of alle thing,
That
is the Popys graunting.
Now
of the pardon telle I shall
In
what place thou maie it calle:
At
the Northe side of that place,
There
is pardon and muche faire grace.
In
the Chappell on the rizt hand among the guest,
iii.
C. daiez of pardon thou havest.
Forthermore
at the hee autere
A
iii. daiez alle time in the yere.
Under
the hee autere lithe Sent Jame
The
table in the Quere telleth the name:
At
alle the auterez so by and by,
xl.
daiez to pardon is granted to the.
At
the iii. derrez benethe the Quere,
Is
plenor remission onez in the yere:
And
at alle tymes xl. daies,
The
table written so hit saies.
On
the South side behinde the Derre,
A
grete of stone fyndest thou there:
At
nine of the Bell the Derre up is sett,
And
a Bell rongen a gret fet.
Ther
men maie se of Sent Jamez the lesse,
His
heed in Gold araied freche:
To
the wiche Pilgrymez her offeryng make,
For
the more Sent Jamez sake.
And
ther by a nauter there is,
Wher
Sent Jame, dud Mase yuis,
A
iii. daies ther maie thou have,
Of
remission, and thou hit crave.
More
pardon is nozt in that place
That
in that table mynde hase.
Then
from thennez to Patrovum,
Wher
the Sent londet the ferst toun
iiii.
xx. myles longs ofrom Sent Jamez,
Coron
ne vin non men there havez.
And
then to Pont Wederez went I,
L.
long miles; that waie is dry:
Jewes
and Sarasynez ben there mony on,
A
plentiful contraye as man maie gon.
From
thennes a vale faire, and clere,
Where
wynez groethe of all manere,
Unto
the toun of Corpe Sante,
Alle
manere fruyte at man maie haunt.
The
See cometh thether at alle tide,
And
fisth, and coron on alle side.
Wymmen
be araied like to men,
Men
maie nouzt well nouther ken:
There
thei life un gudely,
Namely
men of holy Chirche pardy.
And
Bugell flesch is there full rive,
In
alle that contraie hit is ther lif:
And
Corpe Sant is the last toun.
ln
Galise, and stondeth the See upon.
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On
ne trouve pas dans cet itinéraire les noms de
toutes les villes du chemin; il en mentionne
peu, et elles sont parfois confondues; il présente
des confusions qui rendent difficile l'identification
de certaines localités; toutefois, on peut facilement
le reconstruire dans ses lignes générales.
L'auteur
embarque à Plymouth (Plummouth), "the
Trade of Bretany", et, traversant le
Channel, arrive à Bordeaux (Burdewez),
et de là à Bayonne (Bayon) et St Jean
Pied de Port (Petypont St. Jenouhe),
la première ville de Navarre. Là il faut changer
la monnaie et payer péage. Il monte ensuite
par le sombre Val Carlos (the Dale of Rouncevale)
et visite le monastère de Roncevaux avec les
puits de Roland et d'Olivier. Il arrive à Pampelune
(Pampylyon), "la capitale du royaume
de Navarre, une grande ville et belle",
de laquelle il affirme : "Thereto commeth
bothe Bote and Barge."
À
trente milles de Pampelune est "the
toune of Keer", d'identification incertaine,
et ensuite Logroño "the Gruon in Spayne",
qu'il qualifie ensuite contradictoirement de
"the last toune certaine, Of the Realme
of Naveron"; en Espagne les jaqueses
ne lui servent déjà plus, "parce que là
commence le maravedi". De là à Santo Domingo
de la Calzada (Sent Dominico), il y a
largement dix milles de chemin. Il mentionne
ensuite Grunneole (Grañon), et il dit
que les juifs sont maîtres de toute cette région
et qu'il faut leur payer tribut pour passer.
Il n'est pas facile d'identifier les deux ponts
Pount Roie et pount Paradise,
qu'il trouve avant d'arriver à Burgos (Borkez),
une ville belle et très bien défendue (A
faire toune and a muche sicurly).
L'
Hospitall de Reyne et de Sen Antony,
les deux seules localités qu'il mentionne entre
Burgos et Leon (Lyones), sont certainement el
Hospital del Rey et el Hospital de San Anton,
deux kilomètres avant d'arriver à Castrojeriz.
Passé le pont, à droite, est le chemin pour
Oviedo (Sent Salvator), où on peut voir
deux des vases dans lesquels fut changée l'eau
en vin aux Noces de Cana, et beaucoup d'autres
reliques. Il décrit ensuite la tenue et les
coutumes des gens des Asturies, et au pont de
Leon, il prend à nouveau le chemin pour arriver
à Astorga (Astergo).
De
là à Villafranca del Bierzo (Ville Frank),
on trouve de grandes montagnes, Raspis (Rabanal)
et Mount of Fave (mont de La Faba - Cebrero).
Bien qu'il mentionne ce dernier, il ne semble
pas qu'il y monte, puisqu'après un Mount
nostre Dame on rencontre Lugo (Luaon),
et sans plus qu'une allusion vague à plusieurs
autres villages (Other Villages ther be mony
oon), finalement, Santiago (Sent Jamez
that holy place). Deux milles avant l'arrivée,
on passe par une chapelle sur une colline, depuis
laquelle on voit Santiago pour la première fois.
C'est el monte del Gozo (mount Joie),
où il y a beaucoup de pierres et quatre piliers
de pierre de grande hauteur, et on peut gagner
cent jours de pardon. En peu de mots il décrit
la cathédrale :
Hit
is a gret Mynstor, large, and long,
Of
the hold begging hit is strong
Glason
windowez there are but few,
Wit
in the Mynstor in nowther rew.
Sa
principale préoccupation est de détailler les
différentes indulgences qui peuvent être gagnées
dans les différentes chapelles. Ensuite il va
à à Padron (Patrovum), "la première
ville où débarqua Saint Jacques, à vingt-quatre
milles de Compostelle, et de là à Pontevedra
(Pont Wederez), à cinquante milles, où
il y a beaucoup de juifs et de sarrazins. De
Pontevedra, "'une vallée belle et large,
pleine de vignes, il arrive à la ville de Corpe
Sante, la dernière de Galice, au bord de
la mer, sans doute Camposancos, avec laquelle
termine son itinéraire.
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retour à
Q.Culture histoire 
delhommeb
at wanadoo.fr - 04/06/2010
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